Amos w e s t c



A. WESTCOTT.

Chum.

Patented April 21,1868.

gutter tetra strut fire Letters Patent No. 77,144, dated April 21, 1868.

IMPRGVEMENT IN GHURNS.

film seats were tn in ministers nan tub mating not Hi flgefillfllt.

T ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, AMos Wnsrcorr, of thccity of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Chums; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, will proceed to describe its construction,

and operation.

A, Figure 1, in the accompanying drawings, represents the box or body of the churn. B and B represent a portion of the dasher, seen by breaking away a portion of said box; 0, the front view of a fan-wheel blower, for the purpose of forcing a current of air through thechurn D, an enlargedrim of the pinion-wheel E, which acts against a friction-roller, r, to drive the fan-wheel; F is.a driving-wheel, geared into the pinion E, and revolved by the crank H. I

In constructing my churn, I make the box conical or pyramidal, or a combination of the two forms, as in the drawings, in which the lower half of the body is a section of a hollow cone, and the upper portion a section of a hollow pyramid, the sides of bothv making the same angles with the base or large end of the churn. This box is placed upon legs, so as to stand, when in use, with its ends perpendicular, and its axis horizontal, or

I approximating this position.

Figure 2 represents the dasher, which, in its general figure, is also conical, -A representing the main shaft, B a metallic ferrule, with bifurcated projections f and to couple it with the shaft of the pinionwheel. The paddles a a e a, lib I) b, c c c e, d 02 d d, are set. upon the shaft diagonally, and are'so cut that their faces will tend to throw the fluid, which they strike in their revolutions, towards the apex of thebox, or up the incline made by the bottom of the box. These'are represented in the drawings as bevelled at an angle of forty-five degrees, but I do not confine myself to this angle; the amount which they should be bevelled depending upon the angle made by the bottom of the box with the base or large end of the churn.

'These paddles are set about the shaft in a spiral form, and are upon four sides of it'only. These dasherpaddles are made of any convenient size, and form rectangular pieces, with their oppositecorners cut away till the paddles are left of a proper thickness, and when attached to the shaft, the face of each is at the same angle with the line of the shaft. Their length in any given row constantly varies, growing shorter from the large or gear end of the churn to the opposite end, and are of such length at any given point as to correspond with the inside diameter of the cone constituting the box at that point, the end of each working close-to the periphery of the circle of the churn-box, wherever'it may be located.

In Figure 3, A represents the pinion wheel; B, itsshaft, which passes through the end of the churn,and

terminates in the conical point 6, which enters into the hole e, fig. 2, in the end of the main shaft, and serves to guide and support the latter in position. Near the end b, fig. 3, this pinion-shaft'has a cross-bar, a a, which fits into the bifurcations on ferrule B, fig. 2, and by which the main shaft is driven.

Figures 4 and 5 represent an adjustable leg, which is attached to the small end of the churn. In fig. 4, A represents a plate, which is screwed fast to the said end of the churn, having a projecting plate, B, madeat right angles with the plate A, to which is attached the leg The projecting plate B stands vertically, apd

is firmly attaehed to the plate A, or is cast as a part of the same piece, and is provided with a centre spur or pivot, g, which passes through a slot, 0, fig. 5, to guide the leg, and to hold it to the plate B. This plate is also provided with smaller pivots orpins, a, b, c, d, e,f, for purposes hereafter to be described. The portion of the leg 0* is made fiat, so' as firmly to lie against the plate B, and has a bifurcation at the upper extremity it, made to embrace the pins a, b, e, d, e,f.

The leg is held against the plate B by the washer 7c and cross-pin m, and is moved up and down on the centre-pin g. If the lag is in the position represented in the drawing, fig. 4, it is held from moving backward or forward by the bifurcation h, embracing the pin 0 and the slot 0, fig. 5, embracing the centre-pin g]. The lower part D of the metallic portion of the leg is a socket, to receive the upper end of the main or wooden portion of the leg E*.

When the different parts are in their respective positions as above described, it the end of the churn be raised by lifting upon the, handle it, fig. 4, the weight of the leg withdraws the bifurcation h from the pin 0, and the leg is free to move backward and forward about the centre-pin g, and may be carried to any desirable angle with the end of the churn. i

In fig. 1, 0 represents a fan-wheel blower, which has orifioesfff near its centre for the ingress of air. From the box enclosing the fan-wheel there are projections band :2 coming off at right angles with the sides, and set opposite each other. The projection cl is held by'the head of the screw 0 firmly against the end of the churn, while the projection 6 is bifurcated, and passes astride and under the shoulder of the thumb-screw e. This thumb-screw is used to secure the box or case firmly in place, and also to regulate the-friction of the roller 2 against the rim D. Projecting from the back or under side of the box, and represented by the dotted lines ff, fig. '1, is winetallic tube, which terminates on the inner surface of the bottom of the box, and opens into it. This tube serves the purpose of steadying the box, and for conducting the air from the'box into the churn. It also serves as a centre, around which the box is moved to attach it to or disengage it from the end of the churn.

Figure 6 represents .thefans, and the direction they are inclined to gather and direct the air towards the orifice b, and thence through the tube represented by the dotted lines 0 c.

Figure 7 represents another view of these fans, by the dotted lines a a a a, the. orifice or open end of the tube 6, the direction of the'air by the arrow e, and its exitthrough the cover of the chfirn through the tube 02;

When the churn is worked, the operator is supposed to stand on the side of the churn, bringing the gearcnd at his right hand, and the dasher moves towards him, or in the direction of the arrows a: and y, fig. 2. It

is evident that the'fiuid will be thrown diagonally by its operation towards the operator, and equally towards the small end of the churn, or up the inclined plane made by the. bottom of the'churn. The fluid will not, of course, remain here, but will, by its own gravity, return to the lowest part of the churn. The operation will resemble the stirring or whipping of cream with a spoon or ladle in an inclined bowl. In this way a constant. interchange among the particles of fluid is efiected. When the process of churning is completed, the butter may be withdrawn from every other part of the churn to the gear-end by reversing the motion of the dasherpaddles. These being bevelled on their opposite sides, and set in a spiral form, andaided by gravity, the butter may be easily gathered at this part of the churn. When this proc ss is completed, by the use of the'adjustable leg on the small end of the chain, this end may be lowered to any desirable inclination to draw oil the butter milk, while the butter is retained in place by the dasher-paddles.

If water is employedin washing the butter, this may be treated in the same manner, and separated from the butter in the manner above indicated. Another marked advantage is gained by this formof box and dasher--that of enabling us to churn the smallest possible amount of milk or cream. A single pint of fluid will settle so as to be in reach of the longest paddles, whoseaction upon it will bring it in oant'actwith all of the other pad iics.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The combination of the conical body, adjustable leg, horizontal dasber-shaft, and alternately oblique dashers, and fan-wheel, substantially as described, for the purposes set forth.

. AMOS WESTCOTT.

Witnesses:

S. M. NASH. WM. R. BALLARD, Jr. 

